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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новый юридический журнал</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-4395</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-4395</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/3034-4395-2025-4-49-56</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Злоупотребление правом при банкротстве физических лиц: критерии, доказуемость, судебная практика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Abuse of law in the bankruptcy of individuals: criteria, provability, judicial practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балхаев</surname><given-names>Суламбек Алиханович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balkhaev</surname><given-names>Sulambek Alikhanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>sulambekkk@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Master’s student, 2nd year, Higher School of Public Audit, Department of Economic and Financial Investigations, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">магистрант, 2 курс Высшая школа государственного аудита, кафедра экономических и финансовых расследований Московской государственный университет им. М.В.Ломоносова, г. Москва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="zloupotreblenie-pravom-pri-bankrotstve-fizicheskih-lits-kriterii-dokazuemost-sudebnaya.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье исследуется феномен злоупотребления правом в процедурах банкротства граждан, рассматриваемый как системный вызов устойчивости института несостоятельности, а не как совокупность единичных отклонений поведения участников. Цель работы состоит в формулировании операционализируемых критериев недобросовестности и предложении согласованного подхода к её доказыванию, соотносимого с целями и функциями процедуры банкротства физических лиц. Эмпирической базой служат разъяснения Пленума Верховного Суда РФ 2015 года и Обзор судебной практики по делам о банкротстве граждан, утверждённый Президиумом ВС РФ 18 июня 2025 г., дополненные анализом решений нижестоящих судов. Автор выстраивает трёхконтурную модель контроля добросовестности: фильтры допуска к процедуре и её стадиям, стандарты поведения должника в ходе дела и критерии отказа в освобождении от обязательств как ключевой санкции за злоупотребление. Показано, что российская практика эволюционирует от формально-юридического к экономико-поведенческому анализу действий должника, при котором определяющим становится материальный эффект для конкурсной массы и интересов кредиторов. Научная новизна работы заключается в систематизации объективных индикаторов недобросовестности и увязке их с распределением бремени доказывания и стандартами достоверности доказательств. Сделан вывод о формировании двухконтурной системы проверки, в которой отказ в освобождении от долгов сохраняет характер исключительной меры, применяемой при доказанной причинной связи между злоупотребительным поведением и ущемлением прав кредиторов. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в повышении предсказуемости судебных решений и снижении транзакционных издержек участников процедур банкротства граждан.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article examines the phenomenon of abuse of law in bankruptcy procedures for citizens, considered as a systemic challenge to the sustainability of the institution of insolvency, rather than as a set of individual deviations in the behavior of participants. The purpose of the work is to formulate operationalized criteria for dishonesty and propose a coordinated approach to its proof, consistent with the goals and functions of the bankruptcy procedure for individuals. The explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in 2015 and the Review of Judicial Practice in cases of bankruptcy of citizens, approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on June 18, 2025, supplemented by an analysis of decisions of lower courts, serve as an empirical basis. The author builds a three-circuit model of integrity control: filters for admission to the procedure and its stages, standards of behavior of the debtor during the case, and criteria for refusal of release from obligations as a key sanction for abuse. It is shown that Russian practice is evolving from a formal legal to an economic and behavioral analysis of the debtor’s actions, in which the material effect on the bankruptcy estate and the interests of creditors becomes decisive. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of objective indicators of dishonesty and their correlation with the distribution of the burden of proof and standards of reliability of evidence. The conclusion is made about the formation of a two-circuit verification system in which the refusal of debt relief retains the character of an exceptional measure applied when there is a proven causal relationship between abusive behavior and infringement of creditors’ rights. The practical significance of the study is to increase the predictability of court decisions and reduce the transaction costs of participants in bankruptcy proceedings.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>несостоятельность</kwd><kwd>реструктуризация</kwd><kwd>сокрытие активов</kwd><kwd>кредиторы</kwd><kwd>судебная практика</kwd><kwd>распределение рисков</kwd><kwd>бремя доказывания</kwd><kwd>аффилированность</kwd><kwd>недобросовестность</kwd><kwd>конкурсная масса</kwd><kwd>баланс интересов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insolvency</kwd><kwd>restructuring</kwd><kwd>concealment of assets</kwd><kwd>creditors</kwd><kwd>judicial practice</kwd><kwd>risk allocation</kwd><kwd>burden of proof</kwd><kwd>affiliation</kwd><kwd>dishonesty</kwd><kwd>bankruptcy estate</kwd><kwd>balance of interests</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Council of Europe. (2021). 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